Do the Pros of Monetary Policy Outweigh the Cons Essay

Do the Pros of Monetary Policy Outweigh the Cons - Essay Example Notwithstanding, as an adjustment strategy money related arrangement viability as an apparatus of monetary adjustment among different instruments of financial approach fluctuates starting with one economy then onto the next. This is subsequently, of contrasts in the monetary structures, disparity in the degrees of improvement in cash and capital markets that bring about changing degrees of financial advancement, and the distinctions in the predominant monetary conditions. Financial approach use after some time has be that as it may, realized debate dependent on whether its pertinence during times of monetary downturn is helpful or not. The heroes among the strategy creators maintain the utilization of money related approach as a methods for altering the economy to the elevated levels of swelling. In actuality, the adversaries don't bolster the utilization of money related approach as an adjustment apparatus since they accept that the cons because of its utilization exceed the experts picked up when the administration through the national bank applies fiscal strategy measures in the economy. It is in this way, advantageous to see the effect of money related strategy on the economy so as to decide if the utilization of fiscal arrangement is gainful or not. Money related arrangement impacts during financial downturn period when the business sectors are secured with swelling with the quick increment in cost and loan fees could be valuable has it has a positive effect as a control measure. As per Keith Kuester’s article the downturn time frame that as of late unfurled incited money related and financial adjustment instruments use by the policymakers in the United States and abroad as a methods for alleviating the extreme monetary downturn. Kuester (2011) further on portrays how the business analysts to a great extent relied upon the utilization of financial approach as a method of settling the economy. This is on the grounds that financial approach can be app lied so as to diminish the loan cost in times of monetary downturn by animating private interest. Thus, the contractionary fiscal approach brings down the loan cost and in this manner impacts government use by bringing down it through the abatement of the financing cost to up to near zero percent as it can't move to negative percent. Then again, the Economist Intelligence Unit (2010) likewise bolster the intense measures by the legislature to diminish the loan fees of government assets through the Federal save national bank so as to control the upsurge of monetary downturn from expanding further to outrageous levels. Jenkins and Eckert (2000) likewise attests that the legislature through the national bank controlled the financing cost so as to control the cash flexibly in this manner, lessen the pace of expansion. Moreover, the utilization of fiscal arrangement achieves adjustment of costs over the long haul this is on the grounds that it can control the easing back down of the swel ling rate. Kuester (2011) confirms that at lower financing cost because of the fiscal strategy implementation set up the private utilization and speculation increments as they gain trust in the dependability of the economy. This is on the grounds that the family will in general assume the nearness of a steady expansion and accordingly, the families will in general spare less and increment their interest for utilization merchandise. What's more, the Economist Intelligence Unit (2010) likewise certifies that subsequent to applying money related strategy on the economy administers a recuperation that keeps on picking up force as the spending of buyers increment essentially from an annualized pace of 1.6% up to 3.6% after a quarter. This is joined extensively by an expansion in the total national output.

Database Management System Abstract

Database Management System Abstract Database the executives framework is a framework is a PC programming program that is planned as the methods for dealing with all databases that are right now introduced on a framework hard drive or system. Various kinds of database the executives frameworks exist, with some of them intended for the oversight and legitimate control of databases that are designed for explicit purposes. Here are a few instances of the different manifestations of DBMS innovation that are as of now being used, and a portion of the fundamental components that are a piece of DBMS programming applications. Presentation A Database Management System (DBMS) is a lot of PC programs that controls the creation, support, and the utilization of a database. It permits associations to put control of database improvement in the hands of database overseers (DBAs) and different experts. A DBMS is a framework programming bundle that helps the utilization of coordinated assortment of information records and documents known as databases. It permits diverse client application projects to handily get to a similar database. DBMSs may utilize any of an assortment of database models, for example, the system model or social model. In enormous frameworks, a DBMS permits clients and other programming to store and recover information in an organized way.fig 1.1 Instead of composing PC projects to separate data, client can pose basic inquiries in a question language. Subsequently, numerous DBMS bundles give Fourth-age programming language (4GLs) and other application improvement highlights. It assists with indicating the co nsistent association for a database and access and utilize the data inside a database. It gives offices to controlling information get to, authorizing information honesty, overseeing simultaneousness, and reestablishing the database from reinforcements. A DBMS likewise gives the capacity to coherently introduce database data to clients. history Databases have been being used since the most punctual long periods of electronic processing. Dissimilar to present day frameworks which can be applied to generally various databases and necessities, by far most of more established frameworks were firmly connected to the custom databases so as to pick up speed to the detriment of adaptability. Initially DBMSs were discovered uniquely in huge associations with the PC equipment expected to help huge information sets.Some sorts of DBMS are : 1960s Navigational DBMS As PCs developed in speed and capacity, various universally useful database frameworks rose; by the mid-1960s there were various such frameworks in business use. Enthusiasm for a standard started to develop, and Charles Bachman, creator of one such item, Integrated Data Store (IDS), established the Database Task Group inside CODASYL, the gathering liable for the creation and normalization of COBOL. In 1971 they conveyed their norm, which for the most part got known as the Codasyl approach, and soon there were various business items dependent on it accessible. 1970s Relational DBMS Edgar Codd worked at IBM in San Jose, California, in one of their branch workplaces that was essentially associated with the advancement of hard circle frameworks. He was discontent with the navigational model of the Codasyl approach, outstandingly the absence of a pursuit office. In 1970, he composed various papers that laid out another way to deal with database development that in the end finished in the momentous A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. In this paper, he depicted another framework for putting away and working with huge databases. Rather than records being put away in a type of connected rundown of freestyle records as in Codasyl, Codds thought was to utilize a table of fixed-length records. A connected rundown framework would be exceptionally wasteful while putting away meager databases where a portion of the information for any one record could be left vacant. The social model understood this by parting the information into a progression of standardized tables, with discretionary components being moved out of the principle table to where they would occupy space just if necessary. A few contrasts between DBMSs SQL(Structured question language) is a database script intended for overseeing information in social database the board frameworks (RDBMS), and initially dependent on social polynomial math. Its extension incorporates information embed, inquiry, refresh and erase, outline creation and alteration, and information get to control. SQL was one of the principal dialects for Edgar F. Codds social model in his compelling 1970 paper, A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks and turned into the most broadly utilized language for social databases.Fig 1.2 PHP(hypertext Prepocessor) gives a scope of offices to permit web database engineers to recover information from a database and consolidation this dynamic substance with static contect on a web paqe. It incorporates the real database(where the information are stored)and the DBMS,which deals with all the entrance to the database,the application server oversees correspondence with the databse server with the DBMS API. Prophet DBMS Oracle database system㠢㠢‚â ¬identified by an alphanumeric framework identifier or SID[4]à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬comprises in any event one occurrence of the application, alongside information stockpiling. An instance㠢㠢‚â ¬identified tenaciously by a launch number includes a lot of working framework procedures and memory-structures that collaborate with the capacity. Notwithstanding capacity, the database comprises of online re-try logs (or logs), which hold value-based history. Procedures can thus document the online re-try signs into file logs (disconnected re-try logs), which give the premise (if fundamental) for information recuperation and for certain types of information replication. The Oracle DBMS can store and execute put away techniques and capacities inside itself. PL/SQL (Oracle Corporations exclusive procedural expansion to SQL), or the item arranged language Java can conjure such code objects as well as give the programming structures to thinking of them. DBMS represents Database Management System which is a general term for a lot of programming devoted to controlling the capacity of information. RDMBS represent Relational DataBase Management System. This is the most widely recognized type of DBMS. Concocted by E.F. Codd, the best way to see the information is as a lot of tables. Since there can be connections between the tables, individuals frequently expect that is the thing that the word social methods. Not really. Codd was a mathematician and the word social is a scientific term from the study of set hypothesis. That is to say, generally, in view of tables.

Energy drinks effect Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caffeinated drinks impact - Research Paper Example The fundamental loss of water from the body is because of sweat According to different examinations on the off chance that one loses water up to at least two percent of ones body weight (water makes 60% of the body weight) because of perspiring (If a man/lady gauge 50 Kilograms and if s/he loses one liter perspiration), that will prompt a drop in blood volume. This will drive the heart to work more diligently to siphon the blood through the courses. This is the outrageous circumstance of lack of hydration. This prompts muscle cramps. The working of the mind intensely relies upon water. In this way drying out influences the cerebrum prompting exhaustion and tipsiness. If not re-hydrated promptly this circumstance may even prompt warmth ailments like Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion. Notwithstanding exorbitant perspiring, different reasons for lack of hydration are insufficient liquid admission, inability to supplant liquid misfortunes during and after the activities, turning out in dry sweltering climate, in the open, and drinking just when one is parched. Sometime in the past water was the main or one of only a handful scarcely any wellsprings of hydration. In any case, water as a hydrant was found to have a great deal of impediments. The significant disadvantage of water as a hydrant is that it doesn’t supplant the salts or electrolytes lost during sweat. Water effectively extinguishes thirst even before the body gets re-hydrated. Just scarcely any individuals like the flavor of the water; most discover the taste generally flat. Progressively finished, drinking a lot of water can, however seldom, cause hyponatremia or water inebriation. It was these restrictions of water as a hydrant that constrained scientists to create caffeinated drinks particularly for sports. Caffeinated beverages or Sports drinks with their average sweet-tart taste mix don’t extinguish thirst. So one is probably going to drink bigger volumes of vitality/sports drinks, contrasted with water which assists with keeping up a superior degree of hydrati on. Beneficial outcomes: Electrolytes or salts and Carbohydrates are the significant parts of a caffeinated drink or sports drink. Protein is another segment

Heineken Company Case Study Essay - 2475 Words

Heineken Company Case Study (Essay Sample) Content: Heineken Company Case StudyStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutionHeineken Company Case StudyBackground information.Heineken is a multinational company, which deals with alcoholic drinks production. This company was founded by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in 1864. The Company is named after its founder "Heinekenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Although originally based on Amsterdam, it was closed 1988 and converted to a Museum called "Heineken Experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The company has over 200 breweries in various countries globally. Due to its globalization, it has provided job opportunitiesto over eighty thousand people. The company produces various brands of brew which include Beer, Zywiec, Staronrno, BirraMoretti, Ochota, Murphyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, star and Heineken Pilsener.Since its establishment, Heineken has gone through various transitions. In 1869, under the management of Gerard Adriaana Heineken, the company adopted bottom-fermenting yeast as a method of production process. With its ma ssive growth, a new brewery branch was established in Rotterdam in 1874. The brewing formula, employed until today, was developed by Dr H. Elion in 1886, under management of Gerard Adriaan Heineken.The Adriaantenure ended in 1917 and the management was delegated to his son, Henry Pierre Heineken, who managed the company since then until 1940. During his tenure, henry established various techniques of maintaining consistency in the quality of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products. He also ensured a lot of export as a strategy of increasing the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s productivity, and expansion.Since 1940, Alfred henry Heineken, son to henry Heineken, took over the managerial position of the company until when he passed on in 2002. During his tenure, he ensured high rate of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s globalization (Derdak, 2007). He also attempted to raise the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s stock price by purchasing competing brewing companies and closing them down. This enabled him to be the only brew produc e, hence competition was minimized. Alfred also merged the company with its competitor, Amstel in 1975, and established a new brewery firm inZoetrwoude.Based on globalization and revenue income, Heineken is currently ranked the thirdlargestbrewing company. It bought the brewery division of Mexican giant FEMSA in 2010, and merged with the company. This enabled it toeasilymarket itsproductsthroughout Latin America. With FEMSA acquisition, Heineken is projected to grow strong by expanding its market share in the Latin America. The underlying reason to this projection is the fact that, FEMSA is possessing big distribution link in Latin America, therefore with its network, Heineken will expand.Literature ReviewThe main objective of the Heinekenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s management team is to expand the company in various fields. These include increasing the productivity, revenues, enter into new markets and make more global expansion. Since 2006 to 2011, the Heinekenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s generalperformance has been fluctuating. The trend is shown in the table below.Exhibit 1 Income Statements (in millions of euros)  2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Revenue 16,133 14,701 14,319 12,564 11,829 DEBIT 2,476 1,757 1,080 1,528 1,832 Net Profit 1,436 1,018 347 807 1,211 Dividend 438 318 210 343 294 Exhibit 2 Balance Sheets (in millions of euros) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Assets 26,549 20,180 20,563 12,968 12,997 Liabilities 16,321 14,533 15,811 7,022 7,477 Equity 10,228 5,647 4,752 5,946 5,520 In 2006, there was an increase in sales. This was greatly contributed by expanded markets in Eastern Europe, Africa and Far East. It was during this time, when a plan for constructing a brewery branch in South Africa was proposed. This was due to the increase in sales in Africa, specifically South Africa.Towards the end of 2008, there was an organic growth in the company. At the same time there was a slowdown in the beer market globally. Due to this, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s management opted t o deployeconomic policies, such as cost reduction measures in order to maintain profitability. In comparison to 2010 and 2006, the net profit in 2009 was low. This may have been contributed by the financial crisis experienced in 2008.However, in the year 2010, Heineken recorded the highest level of profit. There is also increase in the size of assets, dividends and equities.EvaluationPolitical environmentWith its expansion globally, Heineken is operating in various political environments. Different countries have different political systems which affects the investment companies in one way or another. Marketing, selling and distribution of investment products involvea lot of strategies that conforms to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s political policies and regulations. Various countries try to discourage their citizens from consuming alcoholic drinks. In an attempt to achieve this, various political policies have been set in place in order to minimize consumption. Some of these policies i nclude imposing heavy taxes on alcoholic products, making it expensive hence not achieved by many. Also some countries have regulated the consumption of alcoholic products by certain groups of people for instance drivers. Due to such political regulations and policies, alcoholic product marketsare impacted negatively. Therefore, political environment brings threat to Heineken marketing strategies. Also some countries, with other breweries companies impose heavy tariffs to Heineken in order to salvage their local producers for competition. The heavy tariff increases the cost of production and reduces the profit. Also investing in some countries is associated with a lot of risks, which may impact the performance of company negatively. The risks emanates from issues such as civil conflicts, for instance the Kenya post-election violence in 2008, which affected the performance of investment companies.Economic EnvironmentHeineken operates within various economic factors. Such factors in clude interest rates and inflation. Inflation has been a common phenomenon affecting investment companies. Inflation is measured by changes in the consumer price index. The two types of commonly experienced inflations are expected and unexpected inflation rates. Unexpected inflation always results in risks to the investments sectors. Therefore, high inflation rates increase speculations in the breweries markets hence increases price volatility (Graham, 2005). The 2008 economic crisis, which resulted from inflation contributed to the low performance in the company.Another economic factor that brings threat to Heineken Company is currency fluctuations. Due to its globalization, it operates using various currencies and in cases of currency fluctuations, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s imports and exports are affected.Another economic factor that causes lack of steadiness in terms of profitability is interest rate. Unstable Interest rate causes effects, not only to future firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s cash flows, but also discounting rates. Interest rate is considered when calculating cost of capital to appraise the investment decision. Higher interest rates leads to increased debt service hence affect the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s productivity performance. Also low interest rate reduces the investment cost.Social cultureMost people from various cultural set ups consume alcohol during leisure time. The lifestyle is changing rapidly due commitments,hence people do not get free time to go to barduring leisure for alcohol consumption. Many people have found it easier to interact and socialize via social sites in the internet as part of their leisure. Therefore going to social club such as bars have been minimized hence decline in alcohol consumptions. Due to this,beer markets suffer including Heineken, leading to deterioration in the sales quantity.Another social factor that affects the volume of beer consumption is the demographic changes. The population sizes and distributions of various co untries vary. In countries where the population size is bigger, the beer market is wider hence increase in the volume of sale.TechnologyWith high competition in the beer markets, various companies are striving to improve the quality of their products in order to gain competitive advantages (Riggs, 2007). The main strategy that ensures quality and mass production is the new technology deployment. Therefore,applicationof the new technological meansof production is inevitable in any investment sector. Technology is not only applicable in production, but also in marketing. New technology ensures attainment of profitability through low cost of production associated with it and also economies of scale due to the large volume of production which is supplied to the market. The modern technology employment in any production firm is very crucial since it ensures high quality of products, conforming to the current consumer preferences. The high production level, which led to the realizati on of the high profit, dividends and equities in the year 2010, was greatly contributed by the modern technological means of productionCompetition.Heineken is fighting for common market with other brewing companies. Some of these companies managed to get into the market fast (first mover) therefore gaining first mover advantage. Some of these companies include Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller. These companies also deployed m...

Evaluation Of The Research And Creative Work - 1453 Words

UROP Application Spring 2016 Christopher Jones Mentor: Trafton Drew Department of Psychology Statement of the Problem/Topic of the Research or Creative Work Visual Search is important in our everyday lives, and search relies on cues from the environment and uses object similarity to guide search. While much research has been done to see how visual similarity between objects affects visual search (Duncan and Humphreys 1989), very little research has been done to see how different types of similarity between objects compare in their effects on visual search. Specifically the proposed project would investigate how semantic similarity and visual similarity influence visual search using real world objects. The usage of real world objects is important because many laboratory visual search tasks are not reflective of visual search in a real world setting. Neural measures gathered from EEG (Electroencephalogram) data in the form of ERP (Event-Related Potential) components can be used to measure onset of attentional processing, as well as how distracting cer tain objects may or may not be. Specifically the N2PC reflects a shift in attention to a visual target. Using this ERP component, the neural differences between visual and semantic similarity in objects can be evaluated and compared between participants. While research shows there is a behavioral effect between visual and semantic similarity among distractors in visual search (De Groot, Huettig, and Olivers 2016),Show MoreRelatedResearch mEthodology957 Words   |  4 Pages4. Empirical research in India in particular creates so many problems for the researchers. State the problems that are usually faced by such researchers. 5. A research scholar has to work as a judge and derive the truth and not as a pleader who is only eager to prove his case in favour of his plaintiff. 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Essay on Race in Silkos Ceremony - 628 Words

Ceremony Throughout Ceremony, the author, Leslie Silko, displays the internal struggle that the American Indians faced at that time in history. She displays this struggle between good and evil in several parts of the book. One is the myth explaining the origin of the white man. As common in Indian cultures they create a myth to explain why the white people came to them. The author begins to show the Indians feeling of hopelessness by showing in the myth, on pages 132 - 138, that there was no way the Indians could stop the white people from destroying the Indian culture. â€Å"Entire tribes will die out, covered with jestered sores, shitting blood, vomiting blood.† (pg. 137) The myth says that the white people will cause chaos,†¦show more content†¦They believe this because to a certain point it is true. Many Indians do drink at bars but that is because they do not have much else to do because there is no good land to plant on and nothing to feed the cattle with. The w hite people had no respect for the Indians Even Tayo himself believes in part of the stereotype. Before he thought a white man would steal his cattle he thought that an Indian or a Mexican would have done it. He himself believed in the lies that the white man has started about the Native Americans. Although he finally realizes what they are a learns to hate them. The lies about the Indians just hide the lies about the white man and Tayo believes that the lies will destroy the white man. Because of all this prejudice and the living conditions of the Indians they feel hopeless that they can not do anything to better their lives. Beign war veterans does not help it only make them feel worse. All they do is drink to try to get away from all of it. In the end they end up destroying themselves. Because of all of the pain they were holding in. The only one of them who saw what was really happening was Tayo and he is the only one that makes it. 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In this book, Silko tells a story of Tayo how he suffers from a battle fatigue, how he struggles with this fatigue and how he challenges his mixed-race role in the Native American society after returning from the Pacific war. With the help of a ceremony and Tayo’s strong mind that does not give up easily, he is able toRead MoreExploration of the Divergent Cultural Relationships with Land in Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony1778 Words   |  8 PagesExploration of the Divergent Cultural Relationships with Land in Leslie Marmon Silkos Ceremony In her novel, Ceremony, Leslie Marmon Silko uncovers the innumerable contrasts of the white ranchers and the Native Americans. The natives feel helpless as the whites spill themselves upon the contiguous hillsides and valleys. The commanding whites steal the land which had never before belonged to any single entity. Unable to retain their land, the Native Americans can only continue

Future of the Retail Store for Nine Line Apparel -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theFuture of the Retail Store for Nine Line Apparel. Answer: Nine Line Apparel real store has been operating online in order to get more customers. The manager of the real store explains how it has been difficult to adopt the e-platform for business operations. To make online operations effective, Nine Line Apparel had to change with changing technological business needs. Changing of business operations according to technological advancements made it possible to adopt more than 75% of customers to their online shopping platform. While adopting online business transactions, it was quite challenging to choose from various alternatives the best mode of operations which was best suited the real store (Stephens 2017, P. 56). The main two options which seemed viable for Nine Line Apparel are; desktop platform application or Mobile platform applications. Later, Nine Line Apparel business adopted both mobile application and desktop platforms since most of its customers had access to computers and mobile phones. Up to date, the real store has noticed a n increase on sales of 1.24% and 1% on both mobile and desktop platforms respectively. Besides, Nine Line Apparel reduced product bounce rate by 11% while increase in customer has hit 10,000. To make online stores more effective, Katawetawaraks Wang (2011, p. 67) focuses on online customer decision making process while comparing it with offline decision making. Though there is difference between the two, comparing the two alternative gives a clear implication on what influences online customer to buy the product or shun away from the product. After a thoughtful considerations, both offline and online purchasing had more attributes that are common. The only difference was on physical inspection and interaction of product before buying. When customer security is guaranteed, online purchasing attracts more customers than offline buying. This was mainly attributed with convenience in terms of buying and delivery. The article also focuses on factors that impedes online buying such as unsecured customer payments and slow shipping and poor technology infrastructure between customers and suppliers. Lastly, according to Katawetawaraks Wang (2011, p. 70), managers of retail store s have a responsibility to decide what has to be done to attract more customers. Managers should make sure there is trust between retail and customers, user friendly platform has been established and money back guarantee in cases product fails to meet customer satisfaction. Similarly, according to Bui Kemp (2013), online buying can be influence by other factors such as previous online experience, customer emotions and norms. Due to the nature and experience of shopping in regard to technological advancement, online retail business has changed and integrated many aspects. Online retailing has moved from just buying of product, it has to factor how customers get their product and if it meets their needs. The point of buying has to meet customer needs and security measures. This brings up an integrated model that incorporates different aspects that makes online customer feel satisfied and willing to come for more product (Klanten, Ehmann Borges 2013, P. 145). The article evaluates intensive aspect on various theories that influence online buying and positive correlation between customer norms, emotional response and repeat actions of online buying process. Bibliography Katawetawaraks, C Wang, C. 2011. Online Shopper Behavior: Influences of Online Shopping Decision. Asian Journal of Business Research Volume 1 Number 2 2011.pp. 66-72 Klanten, R., Ehmann, S., Borges, S. 2013. Brand spaces: branded architecture and the future of retail design. Berlin, Gestalten. M-y Bui Elyria Kemp. 2013. "E-tail emotion regulation: examining online hedonic product purchases. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 41 Iss: 2 pp. 155 170 Stephens, D. 2017. Reengineering retail: the future of selling in a post-digital world. Figure 1 Publishing.

Models help or hinder the search for knowledge Essay Example

Models help or hinder the search for knowledge Essay A model is a representation of a complex structure or concept that is used to explain it and represent it in a more simplistic manner with the aim of facilitating the understanding of it. Models are used in a variety of subjects such as natural sciences, government structures, history and many more. Although they are simplified simulations, they provide a representation of reality that help our learning and understanding of the phenomena that occur. However, models have the possibility of leading us into an error or incorrect information and thus present limitations that have the potential of hindering the knowledge. Models can be broken down into four main categories. Experimental models which can be constructed and put to use in a laboratory. A ‘scale models would fit under this category, representing spatial relationships, and ‘working models’ representing temporal sequences. At the other end of the spectrum are logical models. These start from the axioms and theorems of a formal deductive system, they are used to illustrate abstract systems and provide a possible interpretation of it. Lastly, there are theoretical models. These are imaginative mental constructions made to conceptualize observed phenomena. They are usually imagined mechanisms that are described with analogies to familiar processes. For instance, in physics, the â€Å"billiard-ball model† of gas is a perfect example of a theoretical model. Although it is intended to represent an underlying structure of a physical system, it is merely a symbolic representation that is developed into a theory that explains the phenomena as a model. A relevant knowledge issue concerning theoretical models would: to what extend can models give a realistic and accurate representation of reality? We will write a custom essay sample on Models help or hinder the search for knowledge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Models help or hinder the search for knowledge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Models help or hinder the search for knowledge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Consider a container full of a gas such as air and imagine that it is composed of minuscule elastic spheres bouncing around. It can be assumed that the mechanical behavior of the spheres is similar to the behavior of colliding billiard balls. From this assumption, a theory can be put forward, the one of Kinetic Theory of Gases that involves equations interrelating the velocity (p), mass (m), momentum and energy of the hypothetical spheres. None of these theoretical properties can be physically observed. On the other hand, some theoretical terms could be related to observable properties of the gas, for instance, a change in the momentum of the collision amongst particle with the containing wall may be identified as the pressure of the gas. These assumptions lead to Boyle’s Law stating that if the volume of a gas is reduced by 50% then the pressure of the gas will double. (e.g. compressing air during a bicycle jump). Hypothetical minuscule elastic spheres were assumed to have mass and velocity similarly to billiard balls do although no color. The analogies are not simply formal like they are in mathematics, they may be physical, elasticity and mass. In the creation of a theory, scientist may suggest a model incorporating analogies drawn from a variety of familiar situations combined with radically new assumptions. In the diagram below, all the lines going into the model are represented as dotted due to their origins lying in an act of creative imagination instead of making a purely logic based inference. Generally speaking, dotted arrows should be added coming in from other familiar situations, on the left. When imagining a model, there are explicit or implicit references to what is similar and previously intelligible, furthermore there is freedom allowing to interpret a phenomena in the desired model. It can be assigned to any property that are thought of as fruitful contributors to the theory. This depends on the perception of the scientist of the phenomena in question. Therefore, since theoretical models are based on a scientists interpretation of what they perceive and the analogy that is made to an already known model, models do not provide a fully reliable and accurate representation of reality. Theoretical models can further be perceived as subjective and self determined, thus the numerous debates and disagreements amongst scientists concerning more complex models. Theoretical models convey associations and implications that aren’t specifically determined and that may be transferred if a shit in paradigm occurs due to the application of a different analogy to the phenomena. Additional developments and modifications may be proposed.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A metaphor proposes analogies between the familiar context of a word and a new context into which it is introduced †. Models can be compared to metaphors due their similar property of open-endedness. Max Black said that ‘It may help us to notice what would otherwise be overlooked and to shift the relative emphasis attached to details in short, to see new connections.† A model suggests new ways of perceiving a situation that presents problems by transferring some of the features of another given situation that is fully understood. The implications implied by the use of a metaphor to refer to a model is not merely subjective as it is employed by the majority of a community using a language. For instance, the use of an analogy that might not have been essential to the formulation of the model could potentially influence the development of the paradigm. Science, most often doesn’t recognize the line separating theoretical language from observational language; the distinction is relative to the situation and depends on the context. A close parallel between the interaction of metaphorical language and literal language can be made, there is a lack of division line between the two. ‘Billiard-ball model’ incites one to think about the whole kinetic gas model as a pool table and the movement of billiard balls. The term was initially introduced as an analogy to visualize a non ‘touchable’ matter. The metaphor has now become a standard reference and is often used to teach with in education. Metaphors, like models, have the potential to extend language and influence the literal recordings of facts and therefore create new meanings. Since the new meanings are based on analogies from the start, they could have distorted the reality of the model to a great extent, providing a less accurate representation. A metaphor evokes emotional responses whereas a scientific model was designed to be systematically developed, specifying the positive and negative analogy although the neutral analogy is open ended and leaves spaced for further interpretation. Furthermore, a scientific model leads to a testable theory. Nevertheless, the similarities between metaphors and models are significant enough to illustrate the importance of imagining analogies. Metaphors aren’t literally true, although, according to Wheelwright, they do â€Å"say something, however tentatively and obliquely, about the nature of what is†. Metaphors help illustrate a model by drawing a direct comparison between the phenomena that is desired to be represented with an analogy that is already existent in our world, defined, explained and understood. The ‘double-helix’ model of the DNA molecules in biology is also considered as a theoretical model, but that one specifically is closer to observational evidence that can be collected in a lab and can therefore be literally taken. Nevertheless, even in this theoretical model, only a defined number of aspects that compose world are brought into prominence, while a few more are neglected. For instance, the model exhibits the spatial relationships between the DNA components but doesn’t take account of the character of the existing bonds between them. In conclusion, models are used in various manner in science. They serve different functions among which you may find practical and theoretical. Theoretical models are innovative mental constructions based on imagination, perception and the ability to relate to already existing models. They end up in a combination of analogies that are usually open-ended and leave space for further development and possibility for shifts in interpretation. Models are usually taken very seriously but not literarily as they are only simplistic representations of complex phenomena. They can’t be defined as pictures of reality nor useful fictions, rather as inadequate and partial manners of imagining and creating what is not observable – in theoretical models.

Landscape

Landscape Landscape Landscape By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, What is the meaning and usage of landscape in [phrases] like emerging media landscape or emerging distribution landscape? First I’ll address traditional meanings of the noun landscape as it refers to scenery. Although Old English had the word landscipe, meaning â€Å"a tract of land† or â€Å"a region,† the word landscape entered modern English in the early 17th century from another Germanic language, Dutch. It was borrowed as a technical term for a painting or drawing that represented natural inland scenery–as opposed to a portrait or a seascape. By the 19th century, landscape had also come to mean â€Å"a tract of land with its distinguishing characteristics and features, especially considered as a product of modifying or shaping processes and agents.† The features could be the result of either natural processes or human design. Here are current examples of both meanings: William Turner (1775-1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, water-colorist, and printmaker. Running for 186 miles, the Pembrokeshire Coast Path takes you through a rich assortment of different landscapes along Wales’ west coast, from limestone cliffs to red sandstone bays and lush, glacial valleys. The New California Landscape promotes a balance between urban landscapes and the environment, includes diverse and beautiful aesthetic qualities, and facilitates the efficient use and management of resources, especially water. The phrases â€Å"emerging media landscape† and â€Å"emerging distribution landscape† reflect landscape’s new use in the vocabulary of marketers and bureaucrats. The Ngram Viewer shows that â€Å"media landscape† appeared in the 1960s, but didn’t soar until the 1980s. â€Å"Distribution landscape† emerged in the 1990s. The â€Å"media landscape† refers to the way people get their news and entertainment. In earlier times, we read newspapers and books, listened to the radio, watched television, collected records, and went to the movies. That was the â€Å"old media landscape.† Now we have smart phones, electronic notebooks, digital books, home theaters, and the Web. Distribution in â€Å"distribution media† is a business term referring to the way vendors get their products to consumers and how consumers pay for them. One channel of distribution is the simple transaction of buying a set of dishes at a yard sale: the seller of the dishes puts them outside with a price on them; the buyer hands over cash and takes them home. A more complicated channel of distribution is involved in buying a computer. The buyer places an order–in a store, on the telephone, or online. Payment is made in advance–by cash or check in the store, by credit card in the store or online–or by some other method, such as PayPal. The computer is then transported–likely from China–by air and by truck to the point of purchase. The â€Å"new distribution landscape,† moves beyond traditional methods of delivery. For example, it’s possible to buy a product such as software or music online and have it delivered by download. This figurative use of landscape has nothing to do with the physical world. It seems to be a trendy replacement for the once-fashionable paradigm as an inflated synonym for pattern or model. This abstract use is trickling into other contexts: The Changing Content Distribution Landscape Reflections on the New Compliance Landscape Navigating the New Rural Banking Landscape The New â€Å"Meaningful Use† Landscape: A Transition from Incentives to Penalties A brief discussion about  the new lending landscape In the context of printing, landscape is used as both adjective and adverb in reference to shape (oblong) and directionality (horizontal). The opposite of landscape in this context is portrait (vertical): Should I design my illustrated kindle ebook for portrait or landscape mode? AOL pages print Landscape Instead of Portrait Print set-up shows portrait but prints landscape. As a verb, landscape means to beautify an outside area by making it part of a continuous and harmonious scene. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?"Latter," not "Ladder"7 Other Types of Pronouns

Philosophy of Gandhi and Martin Luther King Essay

Philosophy of Gandhi and Martin Luther King - Essay Example Gandhi was the proponent of nonviolence. He advocated that the success against oppressor can only be achieved when the one who is struggling makes himself stand on higher moral plinth than the oppressor. For this the means of the oppressed has to be different rather opposite of what the oppressor is adopting. Since oppressor adopts violence than the oppressed will be more successful if he adopts non violence as his strategy of dealing with the situation. He based his theory on ahimsa which does not advocate mere non violence but it also stress upon "absence of the desire to kill or harm" (Chapple 10). The philosophy is based on the love for all human even for the enemy. The concept was used to develop the Satyagraha policy which was an off shoot of ahimsa and required the unwavering stand behind one's ideals without harm to other and even without the feeling of hatred for others. Martin Luther King was influenced by Gandhi's philosophy. He also was the advocate of non violence. To him humans through their evolution now should come across new methods to solve their problems within themselves. He said "nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. ... That is why he said "the ultimate weakness of violence is that it is a descending spiral, begetting the very thing it seeks to destroy. Instead of diminishing evil, it multiplies it. Through violence you may murder the liar, but you cannot murder the lie, nor establish the truth. Through violence you may murder the hater, but you do not murder hate. In fact, violence merely increases hate. So it goes. Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars. Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that." Malcolm X had a somewhat variant view than Gandhi and Martin Luther King. He was of the opinion that violence has to be adopted to fight violence. It may not be always but dependence of total non violence strategy will not lead to success. That was why he said "Our objective is complete freedom, justice and equality by any means necessary." However, it was not sheer violence which he professed instead he was of the opinion that violence should be adopted according to the necessity of the situation. To adopt violence for self defense was not "violence" but "intelligence". It is evident that above mentioned three great men's philosophy can be categorized into two main philosophies. One policy of "nonviolence" i.e. of Gandhi and Martin Luther King the other one is of "selective violence" of Malcolm X. Here people might disagree and tag Malcolm X philosophy as violent and so was the opinion of his compatriot Martin Luther King. However, after going through the details of the modus operandi adopted by Malcolm X one can easily assess that he was advocate of "selective violence" instead of utter "violence". For our further

Business Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Operations - Essay Example At the same time, it will concentrate on giving unique skincare diagnosis, facials, manicures, pedicures and other services, which are customized as compared to it competitors. Market segmentation is considered to the process in which customers are classified in accordance to their needs and objectives. It offers several advantages to an organization(Worthington, Britton & Rees, 2004). Firstly, it allows the company to concentrate on the main market. At the same time, it allows them to offer unique products and services. It assists the organization to emphasize and concentrate on its skills. Dove Spa will concentrate on targeting females of Streetly, between the ages of twenty and sixty. This segment has been selected because women between these ages are conscious about their looks and mostly take care of themselves. They used wide ranging beauty products. Dove Spa will give them skincare diagnosis, facials, manicures, pedicures and other services, which are customized. The competition is fierce in this industry and therefore, it is important that Dove Spa stands out unique as compared to its competitors. Marketing mix is considered to an important concept and it is the fundamental part of the marketing strategy. It concentrates on quality of services and products, which would be offered by the company. It concentrates on four essential components, which include price, product, position and promotion (Worthington, Britton & Rees, 2004). It concentrates on devising a marketing strategy, which would target every segment. The same strategy would be used for Dove Spa in order to advertise and promote it in effective way. It would assist the company to accomplish its aims and objectives. The main challenge for Dove Spa would be to develop an appropriate and strong business strategy in order to saturate itself in the market. Research suggests that the internal environment of the

Curtis Cobbins Essay Example for Free

Curtis Cobbins Essay Dear Ms. Robbins: Im writing to thank you for the December 4th interview for the District Manager position. I am still very much interested in the position and it was especially useful to meet with you and discuss the saes and marketing processes you have in place. As District Manager on the team, I look forward to forming optimal alliances with customers, investors, franchisees and vendors as well as your internal teams. I came away from our discussion with ideas I look forward to applying at Deen Companies. Specifically, I would like to get your reaction on my thinking regarding marketing research methods in your company. I am confident you will find my comments useful in this crucial area. You evaluate many people in the course of hiring, so let me recap my qualifications: †¢ Over five years record as Top Sales Producer, generating approximately $1. 5 million in annual sales †¢ Proven experience developing and managing major commercial accounts †¢ Extensive experience in sales management, contract negotiation and account administration †¢ Positive work ethic and deep commitment to providing excellent results †¢ Excellent management and communication skills If I can further substantiate my ability to meet your needs at Deen Companies, please email me at [emailprotected] com Thank you again for your time. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Curtis Cobbins Enclosure

Comparing Grendel and Oedipus Rex :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Parallels between Grendel and Oedipus Rex      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A messenger hurriedly arrives at a palace to tell king Oedipus, that his father, Polybus, the king of another town, has died at an old age of natural causes. The message's receptor and his queen, therefore, assume that Oedipus has escaped his fate as told by the oracle at Delphi that he should murder his father and marry his mother. There is reprieve of worry until it is revealed that the man who died was merely Oedipus' adoptive father and that Oedipus had indeed once killed his father and was married to his mother. Oedipus was not the king of his fate.    "'Pointless accident,' not pattern, governs the world, says Grendel, who, as a consequence, adopts an existentialistic stance," explains Frank Magill in Critical Review of Short Fiction. This point has been expressed in numerous critical papers by various essayists. One may wonder, however, whether this is the only way to interpret an incredibly ambiguous story in which no question is ever clearly answered nor clearly formulated. One may wonder, actually, whether the author meant for his work to be analyzed in this way at all. The author, John Gardner, spins a tale of a monster held viscously to his destiny of an unnatural death. No matter what Grendel does, his death is predetermined. Though he tries to disprove fate to himself by believing in existentialism, the belief that actions create the future, he never validates that point of view. John Gardner's purpose in writing Grendel was to express that the future is completely unavoidable.    Grendel may be paralleled to Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" which describes the story of Laius and Jocasta, the king and a queen of Thebes, who are told by the oracle at Delphi that the fate of their newborn son is to someday kill his father and marry his mother. They believe that they can change that destiny by killing the child but their plan backfires when, unannounced to them, the child grows up far away and fulfills his destiny by eventually murdering Laius and marrying Jocasta, neither of whom he knows is his parent. "Oedipus Rex" is analogous to Grendel because in both stories the main character has a fate which is exceptionally clear but he simply does not believe it, quite on the contrary, he believes that his actions will create his future, but he is tragically mistaken.

Research on Honey Pots with regard to proofing security

Battling hackers and technological experts who use their knowledge for stealing information and hacking can always be troublesome and costly. Why waste time, effort, energy and risk losing out thousands of dollars in profits. The use of honey pots and honey tokens can eliminate the need for such risks and enhance the security of the system. Honey tokens and honey pots are not computer systems. In fact, they are software that is designed to interact with unauthorized users and counter their activity. They give you the ability to allow hackers and crackers into the system and make them feel as if they have broken into the system. They hold false data that is kept there for that malicious user to use and steal. The honey pot then actively saves all the actions performed by the unauthorized user. Using such honey pots and combining it with the data on their actions, many potential takeovers can be subdued. Several malicious invasions can be countered using such honey pots, and at the same time, the illegal user commending on his capabilities on managing to break into the company’s security. A honey pot works by trapping the actions of an intruder by setting a fallacious database that has honey pots are just software that tackles crackers intelligently without them knowing that they have been tracked. The cracker can do whatever they like with data that is as fallacious as dummy data. There is no sensitive data provided to such a cracker and the hacker’s actions will be under review all the while he is snooping around in the system. They are relatively easy to install and do not require a lot of high technological cost or monitoring. But they are highly effective in countering illegal break-ins to sensitive data. As soon as there is an access to the system through any undefined way, the honey pot gets activated and provides the user with databases that is of no use to the company and is actually in place to fool the hacker. Therefore, Mr. Lloyd, given the obvious benefits of sugar coating an illegal user and then finding the security holes that they used in breaching the system, the company should consider implementing the honey pot system. Using this we can then fix our security holes so that they can stop other crackers breaching our security again. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is honey pot? a definition from Whatis.com. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from Search Security Web site: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci551721,00.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dynamic Honeypots Retrieved March 17, 2008, from Security Focus Web site: http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1731

How to Preserve a Carved Halloween Jack-o-Lantern

Your carved pumpkin or Halloween jack-o-lantern doesnt have to rot or mold before Halloween! Here is how to use chemistry to preserve a jack-o-lantern so that it will last for weeks instead of days. Key Takeaways While a pumpkin may last weeks or months without rotting, once you carve it, the exposed flesh is susceptible to rot.Decay can be minimized by applying a disinfectant or preservative, such as bleach, salt, or sugar.A carved pumpkin can be sealed with oil or petroleum jelly to lock in moisture and minimize puckering.Its important to keep a carved pumpkin cool when its not in use. Increasing the temperature basically incubates mold and bacteria. How to Preserve a Carved Pumpkin Mix up a preservative solution for your carved pumpkin consisting of 2 teaspoons of household bleach per gallon of water.Fill a sink, bucket, or tub with enough of the bleach solution to totally immerse the carved jack-o-lantern. Place the jack-o-lantern in the bleach mixture right after you have finished carving it. Soak the carved pumpkin for 8 hours or overnight.Remove the pumpkin from the liquid and allow it to air dry. Spray the pumpkin inside and outside with a commercial pumpkin preservative or use your own mixture, consisting of 1 teaspoon of bleach in water. Spray the pumpkin once daily, to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.Smear petroleum jelly on all of the cut surfaces of the pumpkin. This will prevent the pumpkin from drying out and getting that puckered, shriveled look.Protect the  jack-o-lantern  from sun or rain, since one will dry the pumpkin out, while the other will promote the growth of mold. If possible, refrigerate your jack-o-lantern when its not in u se. How Pumpkin Preservation Works Bleach is dilute sodium hypochlorite, an oxidizer that kills microorganisms that decay the pumpkin, including mold, fungi, and bacteria. You need to reapply it because it loses its effectiveness fairly quickly. The petroleum jelly locks in moisture so the jack-o-lantern doesnt get dehydrated. Now that you know how to keep it fresh, make a science Halloween jack-o-lantern. More Tips to Preserve Pumpkins Another way to make a pumpkin last is to simply wait until its closer to Halloween to carve it. One idea is to mark the carving for the big event, but not actually cut it. Then coat the entire pumpkin except the areas to be carved with glow-in-the-dark paint. This gives you a glowing pumpkin with dark areas where the carving will go.While bleach reacts with air so that it needs to be reapplied, you can get lasting protection against critters and mold by treating a carved pumpkin with borax. You can either sprinkle borax powder around the interior of the jack-o-lantern and the carved surfaces or you can dip the pumpkin in a solution of borax in water.If youre concerned about the potential toxicity of bleach or borax (or simply dont have them), you can deter rotting and mold using salt. It doesnt matter whether you use table salt or road salt. You can either soak the pumpkin in brine (saturated saline solution) or else rub salt into the cut surfaces and interior of the jack-o-lantern. Again, you can seal the pumpkin with petroleum jelly to keep it from shriveling up. Salt prevents rot by dehydrating cells.While salt is a better preservative, sugar also dehydrates cells. The same techniques used for salt may also be applied to sugar.Another good tip is to use care when selecting your pumpkin. If you can, try to select a pumpkin that is fresh and firm. A freshly cut pumpkin wont have a shriveled stem or soft spots anywhere on the fruit. You have a much better chance of keeping a pumpkin until Halloween if it doesnt have an established colony of bacteria and mold.When you carve the pumpkin, clean the inside as well as possible. If you leave any strings or seeds, youre  providing extra surface area for microbial growth. Its easier to keep a smooth surface clean than a rough one.